Integrated IoT Data Acquisition System for Agricultural Microclimates Applications in Research, Education, and Production Guidance

The Integrated IoT Data Acquisition System for Agricultural Microclimates consists of five key components: meteorological sensors, a data collector, a solar power supply system, a pole-mounted bracket, and a cloud platform. It provides real-time monitoring of parameters such as air temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, illuminance, rainfall, and soil temperature and humidity, serving as a vital tool for scientific research, educational instruction, and agricultural production guidance.

This integrated system is a highly consolidated device that incorporates a diverse array of meteorological sensors. Comprising the aforementioned five components—sensors, collector, solar power system, mounting bracket, and cloud platform—the device features a low-power design that facilitates rapid installation and "plug-and-play" deployment requiring no on-site debugging. Consequently, it is ideally suited for long-term, unattended monitoring in rugged outdoor environments. The system finds extensive application in fields such as meteorological observation, agricultural research, forestry monitoring, and scientific expeditions, capable of simultaneously monitoring multiple environmental parameters including air temperature, air humidity, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, illuminance, rainfall, soil temperature, and soil humidity.

In terms of monitoring precision, the device measures ambient temperature within a range of -40°C to 80°C with an accuracy of ±0.3°C, and relative humidity within a range of 0% to 100% RH with an accuracy of ±3% RH. Illuminance intensity is measured within a range of 0 to 157,286 Lux with an accuracy of less than ±3%. Atmospheric pressure is measured within a range of 300 to 1100 hPa with an accuracy of ±0.25%. The tube-type soil temperature sensor covers a range of -30°C to 70°C with an accuracy of ±0.3°C, while soil humidity is measured with an accuracy of ±3%. Data collected by the sensors is transmitted in real-time to the cloud platform via a GPRS wireless network. The data upload interval is fully adjustable, ranging from 1 minute to 1000 minutes, allowing users to access real-time data and historical trends at any time via a web interface or a dedicated mobile application.

Key application scenarios for the Integrated IoT Data Acquisition System for Agricultural Microclimates include smart greenhouses, smart orchards, high-standard farmland, and agricultural research experimental stations. Within smart greenhouses, the device continuously collects real-time data on internal temperature, humidity, and light levels, providing a robust data-driven foundation for making informed decisions regarding ventilation, shading, and irrigation. In orchard management, wind speed and rainfall data monitored by the device can be utilized for pest and disease early warning as well as bloom period management. The device also supports an SMS alert function; whenever any monitored parameter exceeds its preset upper or lower threshold, the system automatically sends an alert message to a designated mobile phone. The solar power system employs MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) technology, boosting charging efficiency by 20% compared to traditional solutions; when paired with a lead-acid battery, it ensures the device continues to operate reliably even during prolonged periods of overcast or rainy weather. The device's protective enclosure is constructed from stainless steel and features an IP66 waterproof rating, enabling it to withstand a wide range of harsh outdoor weather conditions.